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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-746930

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO Estudiar la variación de la posición natural de la cabeza al aumentar la dimensión vertical oclusal (DVO) en pacientes portadores de prótesis removible. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS El estudio analítico, cuasi experimental, incluyó un total de 56 adultos mayores portadores de prótesis removibles totales y parciales (solo con grupo V remanente) atendidos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile el año 2011, en los cuales se analizó la posición de la cabeza en sentido sagital al modificar la DVO aumentando progresivamente la altura oclusal en 5, 10 y 15 mm, mediante el uso de fotografías de perfil estandarizadas en posición natural de la cabeza. Hipótesis: el aumento de la DVO se asocia con una rotación posterior de la cabeza. RESULTADOS Todos los voluntarios mostraron cambio de la posición natural de cabeza, rotando posteriormente al modificar la DVO. El test ANOVA no mostró que esta diferencia fuera estadística. Hubo asociación positiva entre el cambio gradual de la DVO y el grado de rotación de la cabeza. El test de Pearson mostró asociación estadística. CONCLUSIÓN Los resultados permiten concluir que mientras mayor sea el aumento de altura oclusal mayor es la rotación posterior de la cabeza. Los hallazgos de este estudio apoyan el concepto de que existe una integración anatómica y funcional entre los distintos elementos que componen la unidad cráneo cérvico mandibular, actuando como un todo frente a la variación de uno de sus componentes.


OBJECTIVE To determine the variation in the natural head positionon increasing the Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD) in patients who use removable dentures. PATIENTS AND METHODS An analytical, quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 elderly patients volunteers, carriers of removal full and partial (only with group V remaining) dentures seen in the Odontology Faculty of the University of Chile in 2011. An analysis was made of the head position in a sagittal direction to change the OVD, gradually increasing the occlusal height by 5, 10 and 15 millimeters, using standardized profile photographs of the natural head position. Hypothesis: The increase in the OVD is associated with a posterior rotation of the head. RESULTS All the volunteers showed a change in the natural head position, posteriorly rotated to change the OVD. The ANOVA test showed that this change was not statistically different. There was a positive association between a gradual change in OVD and the degree of head rotation. The Pearson test showed a statistical association. CONCLUSION It could be concluded from the results that, the greater the increase in occlusal height, the greater is the posterior rotation of the head. The findings of this study support the concept that there is an anatomical integration between the different elements that make up the cranio-cervico-mandibular unit, acting together against the variation of one of its components.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Posture , Vertical Dimension , Denture, Partial, Removable , Head/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Denture, Complete
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 211-216, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638788

ABSTRACT

Anthropometric measurements such as cranial and facial forms provide essential information that can be used added provide in orofacial surgery and in diagnostic comprehension between patient and normal populations. There is no published literature about the types of head and face shapes in Fulani, Tangale and Tera ethnic groups of Nigeria. Hence, this study was undertaken to document the various cranial and facial forms of these ethnic groups residing in Gombe region of North-Eastern Nigeria. Head length, head width, head circumference, face length and face width were measured and the cephalic and prosopic indices calculated in a total of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females). Results analyzed placed all males of the three ethnic groups in dolicocephalic head group with mean cephalic indices lower than 74.9, while all females to mesocephalic head group with mean cephalic indices between the range of 75-79.9. On the basis of face shapes, The Fulani and Tera males were found to belong to hyperleptoprosopic group, while the Tangale and Tera females to leptoprosopic group with prosopic indices over 95 and between the ranges of 90-94.9, respectively. Therefore, the findings revealed that all males and females of the three ethnic groups share close similarities in head types and some variations in face types. Furthermore, variation of head and face shapes from this study exists with those of other studies within and outside Nigeria.


Las medidas antropométricas tales como las formas craneales y faciales ofrecen importantes informaciones que son relevantes que pueden ser usadas en la cirugía orofacial y en la comprensión diagnóstica entre los pacientes y las poblaciones normales. No hay literatura publicada sobre los tipos de formas de la cabeza y la cara de los grupos étnicos Fulani, Tangale y Tera de Nigeria. Por lo tanto, este estudio se realizó para documentar las diversas formas craneales y faciales de estos grupos étnicos que residen en la región de Gombe, en el Noreste de Nigeria. Fueron medidos, longitud de la cabeza, ancho de la cabeza, circunferencia de la cabeza, longitud de la cara y ancho de la cara y se efectuaon los cálculos cefálicos y faciales en un total de 300 sujetos (150 hombres y mujeres 150). Los resultados analizados en los hombres Fulani, Tangale y Tera determinaron que éstos eran dolicocéfalos con una media de índices cefálicos menor que 74,9, mientras que las mujeres eran mesocefálicas, con índices cefálicos en el rango de 75 a 79,9. Con respecto a los tipos de cara, los hombres Fulanis y Tera se presentaron con índice prosopo en más del 95, por lo tanto, colocándolos en el grupo de cara hiperleptoprosópico, mientras que las mujeres Tangales y Tera presentaron en el índice prosopo un intervalo de 90 a 94,9, por lo tanto, colocándolas en el grupo leptoprosopo . Los resultados revelaron que los hombres y mujeres de los tres grupos étnicos comparten similitudes en los tipos de cabeza y algunas variaciones en los tipos de cara. Por otra parte, existe variación de las formas de cabeza y cara de este estudio con otros estudios realizados dentro y fuera de Nigeria.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Head/anatomy & histology , Head/physiology , Face/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry/methods , Nigeria/ethnology , Weights and Measures
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(4): 1125-1129, dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582899

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo sobre la rotación entre la columna cervical y la cabeza en el ser humano tiene como objetivo estandarizar los grados de rotación cérvico capital, tanto a la derecha como a la izquierda, en una muestra aleatoria obtenida de individuos de ambos géneros en el Departamento de Caldas (Colombia), estratificados de acuerdo a su ciclo vital a partir de los tres años de edad y que no presentaban ninguna alteración en los movimientos propios de la región antes mencionada. Mediante tablas estadísticas se muestran los resultados experimentales obtenidos y se comparan con los valores reportados en la literatura. Se observa, además, que los valores obtenidos están dentro del rango establecido en la literatura, sin embargo, los datos aquí referidos son mucho más específicos porque incluyen comparaciones entre los rangos de edad y el género, datos que no se contemplan en los textos consultados. Se concluye que aunque el rango de rotación para la población de Caldas está dentro del rango reportado (60 a 80 grados), éste se encuentra muy cercano al límite inferior (60,99 grados). También se muestra el hallazgo de una variación estadísticamente significativa en el análisis de los valores de la rotación cérvico capital en el rango de edad comprendido entre los 19 a 25 años en ambos géneros.


The present work on the rotation between the cervical spine and the head in humans aims to standardize the grades of cervical and capital rotation, both to the right and to the left, in a random sample obtained from individuals of both genders in the Caldas state (Colombia), stratified according to their life cycle from three years of age and exhibiting no alteration in the movements peculiar to the region mentioned above. Through statistical tables the experimental results are shown and these are compared with values reported in the literature. Also, we observed that the values obtained are within the range established in the literature; however, the data referred herein are much more specific because they involve comparisons between the age and gender ranges, data not covered in the texts consulted. We conclude that although the range of rotation for the population of Caldas is within the range reported (60 to 80 degrees), it is very close to the lower limit (60.99 degrees).Also shown is the finding of a statistically significant change in the analysis of cervical and capital rotation values in the age range between 19 to 25 years in both genders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Head/physiology , Neck/physiology , Rotation , Cervical Vertebrae/physiology , Age Factors , Axis, Cervical Vertebra/physiology , Colombia , Life Cycle Stages , Range of Motion, Articular , Sex Factors
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 76(6): 683-686, nov.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-569191

ABSTRACT

Crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam alterações no sistema estomatognático que resultam em projeção da cabeça, aumento da tensão de músculos do complexo da cintura escapular e adaptações posturais. Apesar da conformação torácica e postura influenciarem a dinâmica ventilatória, não encontramos estudos que tenham avaliado a função pulmonar de crianças respiradoras bucais. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a postura de crianças respiradoras nasais e bucais e verificar a existência de correlação da postura com os volumes pulmonares. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, observacional do tipo transversal, no qual a postura e função pulmonar de 17 crianças respiradoras bucais e de 17 crianças respiradoras nasais foram avaliadas por meio de fotogrametria e espirometria forçada. RESULTADOS: Quando comparados com os respiradores nasais, os respiradores bucais apresentaram aumento da projeção de cabeça e da lordose cervical, deslocamento anterior do centro de gravidade e redução dos volumes pulmonares. Houve correlação da projeção da cabeça com a capacidade vital forçada e das alterações posturais com a idade. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam alterações posturais que aumentam em função da idade, além de redução dos valores espirométricos. A redução da capacidade vital correlaciona-se negativamente com a projeção da cabeça.


Mouth-breathing children have changes in their stomatognathic system, which result in head projection, stress increase in the scapular belt muscles and postural adaptations. Although thoracic shape and posture can influence ventilatory dynamics, we didn't find studies addressing pulmonary function of mouth-breathing children. AIMS: this study aimed at analyzing the posture of mouth-breathing children, and studying the existence of correlations between posture and pulmonary volumes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective, observational and cross-sectional study, where the posture and pulmonary function of 17 mouth-breathing children and of 17 nasal-breathing children were evaluated by means of photogrammetry and forced spirometry. RESULTS: when compared to nasal-breathing, mouth-breathing subjects presented an increment in head projection and cervical lordosis, forwarded gravity center and reduced pulmonary volumes. There was an association between head projection and forced vital capacity, and between postural alterations and age. CONCLUSION: mouth-breathing children have postural alterations which increases with age and also reduced spirometry values. The vital capacity reduction correlates negatively with head projection.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Lung/physiopathology , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Posture/physiology , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Head/physiology , Lordosis/etiology , Prospective Studies , Respiration , Spirometry , Statistics, Nonparametric , Vital Capacity/physiology
5.
Anon.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 47(1): 32-40, ene.-mayo 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-508534

ABSTRACT

La función normal, incluyendo la función mandibular, requiere una exitosa adaptación a una amplia variedad de demandas a un sistema (en este caso, el sistema estomatognático). Algunas de estas demandas, como los cambios posturales, son inmediatos y requieren una rápida adaptación a un particular conjunto de circunstancias. Otras adaptaciones se relacionan más con cambios lentos, tales como la remodelación de la ATM y son el efecto de demandas por alteraciones funcionales crónicas, otras son de un rango imperativamente evolutivo que han desarrollado un sistema masticatorio humano de características estructurales y funcionales únicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Head/physiology , Mandible/physiology , Posture/physiology , Temporomandibular Joint/physiology , Dental Occlusion , Dental Occlusion, Centric , Dental Occlusion, Traumatic , Stomatognathic System/physiology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 218-221, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453915

ABSTRACT

A non-comparable, individual, observational and contemporary cross-sectional study in newborns was made to determine the dynamic lateralization in the head turning after release from the midline and its relationship with obstetric variables. From October to December of 2005, 320 newborns were admitted to the Adjacent Lodgings of the University Hospital of Santa Maria. From those, 89 were selected for assessment of the vestibular function since they have had previously fetal static control through ultrasound. Our results show that the right-sided head lateralization was significantly greater than the left-sided. The predominancy of the lateralization towards the right side also occurred in cephalic presentations and left-sided back, however these were not significant. Results corroborate with the existing literature and suggest an association between fetal static and vestibular function.


Com o objetivo determinar a lateralização dinâmica na prova da queda da cabeça e sua associação com variáveis obstétricas, foi realizado um estudo transversal no recém-nascido, não comparado, individual, observacional e contemporâneo. No período de outubro a dezembro de 2005, 320 recém-nascidos foram admitidos no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, e destes 89 foram selecionados para avaliação da função vestibular, por terem feito controle da estática fetal através do ultrasom. Nossos resultados mostram que a lateralização da cabeça para a direita foi significativamente maior do que para esquerda. Também este predomínio da lateralização para a direita ocorreu nas apresentações cefálicas e com o dorso para esquerda, no entanto estes não foram significativos. Nossos resultados corroboram com a literatura existente, e sugerem uma associação entre a estática fetal e a função vestibular.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Functional Laterality , Head/physiology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Fetus/physiology , Gestational Age , Head/anatomy & histology , Movement/physiology , Sex Factors , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Uterus/physiology , Vestibular Function Tests
7.
Rev. dent. press ortodon. ortopedi. facial ; 11(1): 84-98, jan.-fev. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-423310

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar o comportamento do Plano de Frankfurt e da leitura de posição mandibular em indivíduos com padrões faciais de Classe I e II, relacionados à postura natural da cabeça. METODOLOGIA: fotografias do perfil em PNC foram obtidas dos pacientes em pé e relaxados, olhando a imagem de seus próprios olhos refletida em um espelho colocado 1m à frente deles. Um prumo foi utilizado para definir a linha vertical (VER) nas fotografias e uma linha passando pela glabela e pogônio mole foi transferida das fotografias para as telerradiografias laterais. Uma linha horizontal (HOR), perpendicular à linha vertical, comparada com a referência intracraniana plano horizontal de Frankfurt (HF), foi utilizada para avaliação da variação deste plano em posição natural da cabeça. Foram avaliadas as alterações da PNC sobre a medida cefalométrica da posição sagital do contorno anterior da mandíbula pela diferença entre Nperp-P (McNamara) e Nvert-P. Analisou-se os registros fotográficos e radiográficos pré-tratamento de 60 pacientes selecionados em dois grupos baseados no padrão esquelético facial de Classe I e Classe II. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma alta variação interindividual entre o plano horizontal de Frankfurt (HF) e a linha horizontal verdadeira (HOR) em ambos grupos. Porém, a diferença média apresentou-se mínima entre estas referências, estatisticamente não significante e semelhante nos dois grupos. A relação observada da variação do ângulo HOR.HF para o cálculo estimado da diferença entre Nperp-P e Nvert-P retornou um coeficiente de 1: 2,119 ± 0,029. Esta discrepância do diagnóstico sagital mandibular compromete o planejamento ortodôntico nos pacientes que apresentaram diferença entre os planos horizontais intra e extra-cranianos. Destacamos a importância das avaliações faciais e cefalométricas em norma lateral serem realizadas em posição natural da cabeça, utilizando as linhas horizontal e vertical verdadeiras como referências.


Subject(s)
Humans , Head/physiology , Head , Malocclusion, Angle Class I , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Mandible/physiology , Posture/physiology , Cephalometry
9.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2001 Sep; 55(9): 488-90
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-68313

ABSTRACT

The vertebral artery is vulnerable to compression in its course between foramen transversarium and the foramen magnum during extreme rotation of the head and neck. This situation may be aggravated by the presence of posterior or lateral bridge of the atlas and result in compromised blood flow. The incidence of the bony ring formed by posterior bridging has been demonstrated in atlases of various races across the world: it varies between 1.875% to 29.2%. In an examination of sixty south Indian atlases it was found in 11.7% of the cases. The presence of this bony bridging should be taken in to account during a surgical manipulation of the cervical spine.


Subject(s)
Adult , Cervical Atlas/abnormalities , Ethnicity , Head/physiology , Humans , India , Neck/physiology , Rotation , Vertebral Artery/anatomy & histology
10.
Ortodoncia ; 64(127): 5-13, ene.-jun. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-278376

ABSTRACT

Se obtiene un procedimiento simplificado que nos permite producir en el tiempo la posición postural del paciente, logrando de esa manera un mejor estudio comparativo de la evolución de los progresos y finalización del tratamiento, sin intervención del operador


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Cephalometry , Head/physiology , Posture/physiology , Dental Equipment/standards , Face/anatomy & histology , Incisor , Lip/anatomy & histology , Nose/anatomy & histology , X-Ray Film/standards
11.
Rev. ADM ; 57(1): 5-11, ene.-feb. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267995

ABSTRACT

Investigaciones previas han empleado varios análisis para relacionar el hueso hioides con el cráneo. Estos estudios remarcan el grado de variabilidad en la posición del hueso hioides con los pequeños movimientos de la cabeza, ya que ambos se encuentran íntimamente relacionados. El análisis del triángulo hioideo y el de las vértebras cervicales fueron aplicados en una muestra de 51 pacientes con microsomía hemifacial, de los cuales 29 (57 por ciento) fueron masculinos y 22 (43 por ciento) femeninos, con un rango de edad entre 3.0 a 27.6 años (con un promedio de edad de 10.39 y una desviación estándar de 6.63). Diecisiete (33 por ciento) de los pacientes con grado I, 13 (76 por ciento) unilateral y 4 (24 por ciento) bilateral, 28 (55 por ciento) con grado II, 25 (89 por ciento) unilateral, 4 (11 por ciento) bilateral, 6 (12 por ciento) con grado III. La posición ánterosuperior del hueso hioides con relación a las vértebras cervicales se encontró aumentada en la muestra, pero la distancia del hueso hioides a la sínfisis mandibular se encontró disminuida. Los ángulos NSL-OPT, OPT-HOR, NSL-VER, NSL-CVT, se encontraron aumentados. Se concluye que los pacientes con microsomía hemifacial presentan una posición posterior de la cabeza, crecimiento vertical, posterorrotación de la mandíbula y una clase II de Angle. En la posición del hueso hioides no se encontró que existiera dimorfismo sexual. Estos hallazgos indican que la posición del hueso hioides es muy importante con relación a la posición de la cabeza


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Facial Asymmetry/complications , Head/physiology , Hyoid Bone/abnormalities , Posture/physiology , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Age Distribution , Facial Asymmetry/classification , Facial Asymmetry/diagnosis , Facial Asymmetry/etiology , Cephalometry , Mandible/physiopathology , Sex Distribution
12.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Valparaiso ; 2(3): 201-8, oct. 1999. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258295

ABSTRACT

Se seleccionaron 18 pacientes del universo que consultó al Policlínico de ATM del Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Servicio de Odontología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren, entre los meses de septiembre de 1997 y marzo de 1998. A todos los pacientes se les confeccionó un plano orgánico de cobertura total para maxilar superior. Básicamente, éstos debían cumplir con los requisitos de presentar una disfunción temporomandibular expresada con dos de los tres siguientes signos y/o síntomas: dolor, ruido articular y/o alteración de la dinámica funcional. Posteriormente se dividió la muestra en dos grupos, uno estudio y otro control. El grupo estudio fue sometido a terapia kinesiológica de cuarto superior; el grupo control sólo siguió con la terapia del plano orgánico. Posteriormente se observaron los cambios en los puntos de contacto producidos sobre el plano orgánico, lo que se traduce como un cambio en la posición mandibular. Se encontró variación de la posición mandibular en un 87,5 por ciento de los pacientes sometidos a terapia kinesiológica de cuarto superior (7 de 8), a diferencia de aquellos que no tuvieron dicho tratamiento, donde sólo en un 10 por ciento de los casos (1 de 10) hubo una variación. Dichos hallazgos se comparan con los resultados obtenidos por otros autores en estudios semejantes, llegando a la conclusión de que existe una relación entre la estabilización de disfunciones de cuarto superior y la variación de la posición mandibular


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Kinetics , Mandible/physiology , Dental Occlusion, Centric , Physical Therapy Specialty , Age Distribution , Centric Relation , Head/physiology , Posture/physiology , Jaw Relation Record/methods , Sex Distribution , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/rehabilitation , Cervical Vertebrae/physiology
13.
BCI ; 6(3): 16-22, jul.-set. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-366069

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam uma seqüência lógica e didática para o entendimento das cadeias ganglionares da região da cabeça e do pescoço, bem como seus envolvimentos com processos patológicos e a aplicação prática na clínica estomatológica e bucomaxilofacial.


Subject(s)
Head/physiology , Head/physiopathology , Lymph Nodes , Neck/physiology , Neck/physiopathology
14.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 37(1): 6-27, ene.-jun. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241268

ABSTRACT

Generalmente, el sindrome del respirador bucal, es tratado en forma personal o derivando en épocas no adecuadas a otras especialidades para tratamientos complementarios, en vez de solicitar información y consejos a equipos multidisciplinarios que afortunadamente ya existen, a los que aconsejamos aprovechar la amplitud diagnóstica de temas poco difundidos o no tenidos en cuenta que anunciamos y explicaremos en este número


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care Team/trends , Mouth Breathing/therapy , Asthma/physiopathology , Cephalometry , Extraoral Traction Appliances , Head/physiology , Hyoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Palatal Expansion Technique , Physical Therapy Specialty , Posture/physiology , Mouth Breathing/diagnosis , Mouth Breathing/etiology , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Somatotypes , Speech Therapy , Tongue/physiology , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities
15.
Centro méd ; 43(1): 8-11, mayo 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-217655

ABSTRACT

Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo de 64 pacientes de enero a diciembre 1996 en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Promedio de edad: 29,98 años, 34 masculino 30 femenino. Se hace un estudio de etiología, clínica, evaluación y tratamiento. 47 pacientes necesitaron drenaje quirúrgico


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Chemical Analysis/methods , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Head/pathology , Head/physiology , Head/surgery , Infections/diagnosis , Neck/pathology , Neck/physiology , Neck/surgery , Radiography
16.
Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health [The]. 1997; 27 (2): 277-286
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-107197

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the head circumference of 44 Down syndrome patients as well as 80 control subjects was measured and plotted on the Egyptian control chart. Assessment of the psychomotor skills of Down syndrome patients and the control group was performed using the Denver development screening test. The developmental quotient was calculated. The head circumference of DS patients was significantly lower than the control group. The head circumference of Down syndrome patients showed deviation from the normal population range with advancing age. The gross motor sector showed the most severe delay in all ages studied. The language sector showed a decline with age and was the most retarded domain in the older Down syndrome patients. An intermediate +ve, though insignificant correlation, was found between the head circumference and the developmental quotient in Down syndrome patients aged 6 months - 1.5 years, while a strong +ve correlation between the head circumference and the developmental quotient was found in Down syndrome patients aged 1.5 - 2.5 years, implying that the head circumference plays a role in the psychomotor retardation of Down syndrome patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Head/physiology , Psychomotor Performance
17.
Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering. 1993; 9: 49-57
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-27948

ABSTRACT

The electrostatic potentials [EP] generated on the surface of the head of the human body by different types of fabrics are studied. Hundred healthy volunteers were divided into five equal groups: four test and one control group. Each of the four groups wore caps of different fabrics: 100 percent polyester, 100 percent cotton, 50/50 percent polyester/ cotton and 100 percent wool. The control group was left capless. EP were measured one hour after dressing the cap. EP could not be detected from cotton or wool caps or from controls. In contrast, polyester and polyester/cotton mix caps generated EP. The EP induced during daytime were higher than at night due probably to the higher temperatures prevailing during the day. Friction between polyester-containing caps and the human scalp generates electric charges and the scalp becomes positively charged. A series of induced EP is generated in the intracranial structures. Opposite sign charges on the opposing surfaces of the subarachnoid space, the four cerebral ventricles and cerebral hemispheres create an [electrostatic field] across each of them. The latter may have an injurious effect on the nerve cells of the cerebral hemispheres and on the constituents and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in the skull. These disorders may eventually affect the brain centers and result in clinicopathologic manifestations


Subject(s)
Humans , Head/physiology
18.
Indian J Med Sci ; 1990 Oct; 44(10): 273-80
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-69069

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular responses to head up tilt (HUT) were investigated in chronic diabetics (having disease of 8 to 10 years duration) and in control subjects. The parameters recorded were heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), forearm blood flow (FABF) and forearm vascular resistance (FAVR). Recordings were made first in the supine position, next after HUT, and thirdly in the recovery period after return to the supine position. Normal subjects responded to HUT by a marked increase in HR (P less than 0.001), decrease in FABP (P less than 0.001) and increase in FAVR (P less than 0.001). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) showed appreciable increase (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01 respectively) without significant fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP). The maximum alteration in cardiovascular responses was observed immediately after HUT (within 15 sec). The cardiovascular responses to HUT in diabetics were found to be significantly impaired compared to control subjects. The impairment of cardiovascular responses in diabetics in indicative of autonomic neuropathy which can be detected by these tests before the development of clinical signs of the neuropathy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis , Head/physiology , Hemodynamics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Posture , Supination
19.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 22(6): 775-7, June 1989. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-75238

ABSTRACT

In order to study the relationship the apparent motion of the visual field as a function of head motion, we have developed an equation that describes the apparent displacement of objects in the visual field produced by a general movement of the head consisting of a rotation plus a translation. We then used this equation to simulate the apparent motion of the visual field of a pigeon produced by rotation of the head about axes parallel to those of its anterior semicircular canals


Subject(s)
Animals , Head/physiology , Movement , Visual Fields/physiology , Columbidae , Mathematics
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